Hexagram 7. The Army (師 Shī)

Trigrams

Above

☷ Kūn (Earth) — 地 · Receptive

Below

☵ Kǎn (Water) — 水 · Depth

Symbolic Meaning

師 (Shī) concerns the organization of forces under discipline and command. It represents coordinated effort guided by structure, responsibility, and leadership. Strength here does not arise from aggression, but from order, cohesion, and the proper use of authority.

Judgment

Original Chinese:
师贞，丈人吉，无咎。
(Shī zhēn, zhàng rén jí, wú jiù.)

"The host is set in order through correct alignment. An experienced authority brings favorable outcome. There is no error."

This judgment emphasizes that a collective force must be grounded in discipline and guided by maturity. Success does not come from force alone, but from leadership that is steady, seasoned, and capable of directing others properly.

When authority is rightly held and exercised with responsibility, the undertaking proceeds without blame.

Image

Original Chinese:
地中有水，師。君子以容民畜众。
(Dì zhōng yǒu shuǐ, shī. Jūn zǐ yǐ róng mín xù zhòng.)

"Water gathers within the earth: the army. The superior person supports the people and brings together the multitude."

Water stored within the earth suggests latent strength held in reserve. The image points to the importance of nurturing and organizing people before any action is taken.

True leadership lies in gathering and sustaining others, creating unity and readiness rather than relying on force alone.

Line 1

Original Chinese:
师出以律，否臧凶。
(Shī chū yǐ lǜ, fǒu zāng xiōng.)

"When the host sets out, it must be governed by regulation. If order is lost, unfavorable outcome follows."

This line stresses that structure must be present from the very beginning. Without clear discipline, even a strong force collapses into disorder.

The warning is direct: success depends on adherence to proper form. Without it, failure is inevitable.

Line 2

Original Chinese:
在师中吉，无咎，王三锡命。
(Zài shī zhōng jí, wú jiù, wáng sān xī mìng.)

"At the center of the host, there is favorable outcome and no error. The governing authority confers repeated charges."

This line describes a capable figure within the ranks who holds a central and trusted position. Because they act in alignment with the whole, they are entrusted again and again with responsibility.

Authority here is earned through reliability and balance, not forceful assertion.

Line 3

Original Chinese:
师或舆尸，凶。
(Shī huò yú shī, xiōng.)

"The host may bear the dead in its wagons. Unfavorable outcome."

This line presents the image of loss and failure within the ranks. It reflects poor leadership or misjudgment leading to unnecessary harm.

The warning is stark: when command is mishandled, the consequences fall heavily on those who follow.

Line 4

Original Chinese:
师左次，无咎。
(Shī zuǒ cì, wú jiù.)

"The host halts and encamps to the side. There is no error."

This line indicates a deliberate pause or repositioning. Rather than advancing blindly, one adjusts and stabilizes the situation.

There is no blame in restraint. Knowing when to hold position is part of sound command.

Line 5

Original Chinese:
田有禽，利执言，无咎。长子帅师，弟子舆尸，贞凶。
(Tián yǒu qín, lì zhí yán, wú jiù. Cháng zǐ shuài shī, dì zǐ yú shī, zhēn xiōng.)

"Game is present in the field. It is favorable to take hold of the directive. No error. The elder son leads the host; the younger bears the dead. Maintaining alignment in this leads to an unfavorable outcome."

This line speaks to the importance of proper assignment of roles. When the capable lead, the situation can be managed without harm.

But when authority is misplaced—when the unfit take command—the result is loss. Continuing in such a pattern leads to misfortune.

Line 6

Original Chinese:
大君有命，开国承家，小人勿用。
(Dà jūn yǒu mìng, kāi guó chéng jiā, xiǎo rén wù yòng.)

"The great ruler issues commands: founding domains and continuing lineages. Do not engage a person of limited capacity."

This line moves beyond conflict into the establishment of lasting order. After effort and struggle, structure must be set in place properly.

The key warning is about selection: those without integrity must not be entrusted with responsibility, or the entire structure will be undermined.